Galvanic Isolation

Galvanic Isolation is the principle of isolating functional sections of electric systems so that charge-carrying particles cannot move from one section to another,  There is no electric current flowing directly from one section to the next. Energy / Information can still be exchanged between the sections by other means, however, such as by capacitance, induction, electromagnetic waves, optical, acoustic, or mechanical means.

Galvanic Isolation is used in situations where two or more electric circuits must communicate, but their grounds, may be at different potentials. It is an effective method of breaking ground loops by preventing unwanted current from traveling between two units sharing a ground conductor. Galvanic Isolation is also used for safety considerations, preventing accidental current from reaching the ground (Floor of building) through person’s body.